Understanding Corns: Why They Form and How to Treat Them

If you’ve ever experienced a painful, hardened patch of skin on your foot, chances are you’ve dealt with a corn. While they may be small, corns can cause significant discomfort - and they’re more common than you might think. 

What Are Corns, and Why Do They Develop? 

A corn is your skin’s natural defence mechanism against repeated friction, pressure, or irritation. When the same spot on your foot is constantly rubbed or compressed, the skin responds by thickening to protect the underlying tissues. Over time, this thickened area can develop into a corn, which typically features a hard central core that can become quite painful. 

Think of it as your body’s way of saying, “Hey, something’s not right here!” 

Common Causes of Corns 

Corns usually form due to long-term pressure on certain areas of the foot. Some of the most common causes include: 

• Ill-fitting shoes – especially those that are too tight or narrow at the toes 

• Going sockless – or wearing socks that don’t provide enough protection 

• Foot deformities – such as bunions or hammertoes 

• Prolonged standing or walking – particularly on hard surfaces 

• Age – the natural thinning of skin as we age can make corns more likely 

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Preventing Corns: What You Can Do 

When it comes to corns, prevention is key! Here are some practical tips to help keep your feet corn-free: 

• Choose the right shoes: Make sure your footwear fits properly, especially around the toes. Look for shoes with an anatomical toe box that allows your toes to move freely. 

• Wear socks: And not just any socks - opt for natural fibers and consider toe socks, which can help reduce friction between the toes. 

• Offload pressure: This might involve using interdigital wedges, padding, custom orthotics, or making thoughtful footwear modifications to reduce pressure points. 

• Moisturise regularly: Keeping the skin soft and supple with a good foot moisturiser can help prevent buildup of thickened skin. 

  
  

Treatment: When to See a Podiatrist 

If you already have a corn and it’s causing discomfort, it’s best to seek professional help. A podiatrist can safely perform: 

• Debridement – the careful removal of the thickened skin 

• Enucleation – removal of the painful central core of the corn 

These procedures provide instant relief and, when paired with a prevention strategy, can help stop corns from coming back. 

Some final thoughts 

Corns may be common, but that doesn’t mean you have to live with them. With proper footwear, smart habits, and professional care, you can keep your feet healthy and pain-free. 

Your feet do a lot for you - it’s time to return the favor!